Hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis are defined as acute immune system reactions characterized by acute hypersensitivity reactions. They are referred to as life-threatening allergic reactions that happen in a short period after exposure to allergic substances like hives, swelling, shock or sudden reduced blood pressure (Kotowska, 2020). The initial and progression signs and symptoms include affecting parts of the skin, airways and cardiac system, especially for anaphylaxis and result in breathing problems and difficulties, among other body functionalities. Other symptoms are dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and weak and rapid pulse rate. Immediate medical intervention for epinephrine injection is necessary. The common triggers of hypersensitivity are medication and food such as peanuts, venom, and latex reactions (Tedner et al., 2022).
The nurses have comprehensive knowledge for assessing and examining the specific patient conditions to have the clinical diagnosis of the patient’s condition that will differentiate them from other issues. Through the nursing process, the nurse will determine the patients’ conditions, their severity, and immediate interventions. They include the hives and symptoms on specific body parts associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. Multiple organs are affected with clear signs like hypotension, swelling of the lips and tongue and respiratory difficulties. Further and quick patient assessment will include their medical history and allergen exposure history and determine the immediate action and other necessary modalities to manage their condition.
Immediately, an epinephrine injection is applied to the thighs to handle the deadly allergies with close patient monitoring and evaluation, and the dosage is repeated after 10-15 minutes if no change is experienced (de Silva et al., 2021). Albuterol with a nebulizer can be conducted to manage the respiratory distress and normalize the breathing and respiratory system. Further management involves the nurse assessing and identifying the possible causes and allergens that triggered the reactions and providing necessary health promotion education to prevent its reoccurrence and severity. The comprehensive patient will be conducted to ensure the symptoms are managed, possible medication reactions, appropriate blood flow, and stable blood pressure to have the vital signs managed and prevent conditions like fainting. Provide emotional support and linkage to helpful resources that will be informative to the patient with secondary and tertiary health education to have overall good health and quality of life.
de Silva, D., Singh, C., Muraro, A., Worm, M., Alviani, C., Cardona, V., … & European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group. (2021). Diagnosing, managing and preventing anaphylaxis: systematic review. Allergy, 76(5), 1493-1506.
Kotowska, A. (2020). Assessing of patients’ knowledge of anaphylactic shock and allergies. Medical Science Pulse, 14(4), 31-40. 1546062.pdf (medicalsciencepulse.com)
Tedner, S. G., Asarnoj, A., Thulin, H., Westman, M., Konradsen, J. R., & Nilsson, C. (2022). Food allergy and hypersensitivity reactions in children and adults—A review. Journal of internal medicine, 291(3), 283-302. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/joim.13422
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